{"id":106925,"date":"2024-03-20T03:39:04","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T03:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/us-graphite-supply-chain-expansion-dimming-import-needs.html"},"modified":"2024-03-20T13:38:53","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T12:38:53","slug":"briefcase-battery-boost-new-us-graphite-supply-chains-dim-import-needs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/20\/briefcase-battery-boost-new-us-graphite-supply-chains-dim-import-needs\/","title":{"rendered":"BriefCASE: US facing challenges in its attempts to diversify its graphite supply chain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p >Key points:<\/p>\n<ul >\n<li>The US government aims to reduce its dependence on China for<br \/>\nits battery anode materials, particularly graphite, a key material<br \/>\nin lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs).<\/li>\n<li>77% of the world&#39;s graphite production comes from China, with<br \/>\nthe US importing 42% of its graphite supply from China.<\/li>\n<li>The US introduced the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act,<br \/>\nincentivizing companies to build local EV battery supply<br \/>\nchains.<\/li>\n<li>On Dec. 1, 2023, the US government released guidance on the<br \/>\nforeign entity of concern (FEOC), which restricts federal tax<br \/>\ncredits for EVs using batteries or materials primarily sourced from<br \/>\nChina.<\/li>\n<li>North American graphite supply chains are broadening, with<br \/>\ncompanies like Westwater Resources, Panasonic Energy, and Nouveau<br \/>\nMonde Graphite signing offtake agreements and increasing production<br \/>\ncapacity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p >There are many topics debated in the lithium-ion battery anode<br \/>\nmarket. For example, which cathode chemistry is most appropriate<br \/>\nfor which application be it nickel, cobalt, manganese or iron in<br \/>\nvarying ratios with lithium. Rarely up for debate, however, is the<br \/>\nbattery anode material. That&#39;s because it&#39;s almost always<br \/>\ngraphite.<\/p>\n<p ><strong>US facing challenges in its attempts to diversify its<br \/>\ngraphite supply chain<\/strong><\/p>\n<p >The problem for the auto industry is that the US government is<br \/>\ntrying to build a resilient electric vehicle (EV) supply chain that<br \/>\nlevers away mainland China&#39;s influence on the EV battery supply<br \/>\nchain. When it comes to graphite, this is a big problem, albeit not<br \/>\ninsurmountable. Mainland China is the world&#39;s largest graphite<br \/>\nproducer, producing 77% of the world&#39;s graphite demand in 2023,<br \/>\nwith the US importing 42% of its graphite requirements from<br \/>\nChina.US graphite demand gets to the crux of the problem \u2014 it<br \/>\nimported 84,000 metric tons of graphite, while consuming 76,000<br \/>\nmetric tons, meaning its production is negligible.<\/p>\n<p >This has never been a problem until the US introduced the 2022<br \/>\nInflation Reduction Act, a program stacked high with incentives for<br \/>\ncompanies to build local EV supply chains. This was further<br \/>\nmagnified on Dec. 1, 2023, when the US government released guidance<br \/>\non the foreign entity of concern (FEOC), which listed four<br \/>\ncountries \u2014 the People&#39;s Republic of China (PRC), the Russian<br \/>\nFederation, the Democratic People&#39;s Republic of North Korea and the<br \/>\nIslamic Republic of Iran. The mandate added a new layer of FEOC<br \/>\nrequirements, pulling away the eligibility of EVs powered by<br \/>\nbatteries made primarily in China or using materials that are<br \/>\nextracted and\/or processed in China from qualifying for federal tax<br \/>\ncredits of up to $7,500.<\/p>\n<p >Coincidentally on the same day, <a href=\"https:\/\/app.reach.spglobal.com\/e\/er?utm_campaign=CL_ATI%20BriefCASE%20Weekly%20Newsletter%20-%2023%20_PC024936_e-production_E-166945_DG_0223_1220&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_source=Eloqua&amp;amp;s=1770935282&amp;amp;lid=188419&amp;amp;elqTrackId=dbc691ee980e4fdc9a2a7d2637ea8742&amp;amp;elq=20f594ce4adc4b8a899ae6bbe725f5f3&amp;amp;elqaid=197390&amp;amp;elqat=1\"><br \/>\nChina imposed a temporary measure for companies exporting<br \/>\ngraphite<\/a>. China&#39;s move is expected to hit the graphite supply<br \/>\nto nations that are heavily dependent on it, including the US,<br \/>\nJapan, South Korea, Europe and other regions. China also refines<br \/>\nmore than 90% of the graphite globally.<\/p>\n<p ><strong>Fast developments in Canada and US graphite supply<br \/>\ndeals<\/strong><\/p>\n<p >The response in North America has been lightning-fast. At least<br \/>\nfive high-profile developments over the last fortnight hint that<br \/>\nthe North American graphite supply chains are beginning to<br \/>\nwork.<\/p>\n<ul >\n<li>On Feb. 5, <a href=\"https:\/\/app.reach.spglobal.com\/e\/er?utm_campaign=CL_ATI%20BriefCASE%20Weekly%20Newsletter%20-%2023%20_PC024936_e-production_E-166945_DG_0223_1220&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_source=Eloqua&amp;amp;s=1770935282&amp;amp;lid=188418&amp;amp;elqTrackId=4b9c038ce0d04419bb6961388ef19c56&amp;amp;elq=20f594ce4adc4b8a899ae6bbe725f5f3&amp;amp;elqaid=197390&amp;amp;elqat=1\"><br \/>\nWestwater Resources signed its first graphite<\/a> offtake agreement<br \/>\nwith South Korean battery manufacturer SK On for a 34,000 metric<br \/>\nton natural graphite supply from its under-construction Kellyton,<br \/>\nAlabama, plant.<\/li>\n<li>On Feb. 9, <a href=\"https:\/\/app.reach.spglobal.com\/e\/er?utm_campaign=CL_ATI%20BriefCASE%20Weekly%20Newsletter%20-%2023%20_PC024936_e-production_E-166945_DG_0223_1220&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_source=Eloqua&amp;amp;s=1770935282&amp;amp;lid=188417&amp;amp;elqTrackId=bd75f8bfa61b4f058e9684da4b45134a&amp;amp;elq=20f594ce4adc4b8a899ae6bbe725f5f3&amp;amp;elqaid=197390&amp;amp;elqat=1\"><br \/>\nPanasonic Energy signed a binding offtake agreement with<br \/>\nAustralia&#39;s NOVONIX<\/a> to procure synthetic graphite from its<br \/>\nTennessee plant.<\/li>\n<li>On the same day, another Australia-based natural graphite<br \/>\nsupplier <a href=\"https:\/\/app.reach.spglobal.com\/e\/er?utm_campaign=CL_ATI%20BriefCASE%20Weekly%20Newsletter%20-%2023%20_PC024936_e-production_E-166945_DG_0223_1220&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_source=Eloqua&amp;amp;s=1770935282&amp;amp;lid=188416&amp;amp;elqTrackId=7bfa8db90cb14239be4dbbb90d720e20&amp;amp;elq=20f594ce4adc4b8a899ae6bbe725f5f3&amp;amp;elqaid=197390&amp;amp;elqat=1\"><br \/>\nSyrah Resources<\/a> commenced operations at its 11.25 kiloton per<br \/>\nannum (ktpa) natural graphite production<a id=\"_anchor_4\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/us-graphite-supply-chain-expansion-dimming-import-needs.html#_msocom_4\" name=\"_msoanchor_4\">[LA4]<\/a> facility in<br \/>\nVidalia, Louisiana.<\/li>\n<li>This was followed by two big announcements by the Canadian<br \/>\nmining company <a href=\"https:\/\/app.reach.spglobal.com\/e\/er?utm_campaign=CL_ATI%20BriefCASE%20Weekly%20Newsletter%20-%2023%20_PC024936_e-production_E-166945_DG_0223_1220&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_source=Eloqua&amp;amp;s=1770935282&amp;amp;lid=188415&amp;amp;elqTrackId=ee6d1f307c8f4031a1b98dc127c5b150&amp;amp;elq=20f594ce4adc4b8a899ae6bbe725f5f3&amp;amp;elqaid=197390&amp;amp;elqat=1\"><br \/>\nNouveau Monde Graphite<\/a> (NMG) on Feb. 15. It signed offtake<br \/>\nagreements with General Motors (GM) and Panasonic Energy to supply<br \/>\n18,000 metric tons of anode active materials (AAM) per annum to<br \/>\neach as well as raising new equity investments from both<br \/>\ncompanies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p ><strong>Projected Graphite demand, 2023-2030<\/strong><\/p>\n<p >According to S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility, global demand for AAM<br \/>\nmaterials, mainly the graphite industry, will grow to 3,100<br \/>\nkilotons by 2030, from 790 kilotons in 2023. Particularly in North<br \/>\nAmerica, graphite demand will grow at a faster rate, with expected<br \/>\nvolumes to reach 620 kilotons in 2030 from 56 kilotons in 2023.<\/p>\n<p >&#8220;The recent guidance on the FEOC designation disqualifies<br \/>\nbatteries that utilize materials produced in China at any stage of<br \/>\ntheir processing. This stringent requirement has compelled American<br \/>\nautomobile and battery manufacturers to rush to secure their<br \/>\ngraphite supply from FEOC-qualified sources. However, the<br \/>\nfeasibility of decoupling from China remains uncertain due to<br \/>\nChina&#39;s extensive monopoly over the graphite supply chain, its cost<br \/>\ncompetitiveness and the fact that most anode projects in North<br \/>\nAmerica are still in the developmental phase,&#8221; explains S&amp;amp;P<br \/>\nGlobal Mobility&#39;s senior research analyst Ali Adim.<\/p>\n<p ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/Info\/0723\/subscribe-autotechinsight-briefcase-newsletter.html\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Subscribe to BriefCASE: Our<br \/>\nweekly AutoTechInsight newsletter featuring innovative automotive<br \/>\ninsights and expert analysis<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Commercials Cooperation Advertisements:<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><br>(1) IT Teacher IT Freelance<br> <\/p>\r\n<a href=https:\/\/itteacheritfreelance.hk\/wordpress><img src=http:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ITTeacherITFreelance-Website.png 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China,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":479,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[3267],"tags":[61,122,127,129,124,128,125,132,131,133,126,130,123,66,94,88,97,56,64,65,60,3344,3351,3357,3360,3335,3340,3362,112,3353,40,75,95,3350,3352,3356,3343,3359,3339,3345,3334,3341,104,3354,33,120,3358,3349,3337,3348,105,101,98,115,30,29,41,86,3342,3361,70,69,68,72,71,26,118,108,87,3355,46,55,48,52,54,51,50,83,3338,62,58,57,3336,109,35,3346,59,63,85,79,82,96,80,27,81,114,44,42,43,45,38,39,110,117,100,111,116,3300,73,89,90,92,91,93,84,78,37,102,34,36,77,67,74,99,113,3347,119,28,121,32,47,49,53,103,31,76],"class_list":["post-106925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-car-or-automobile","tag-airpods","tag-anime","tag-anime-characters","tag-anime-cosplay","tag-anime-edits","tag-anime-merchandise","tag-anime-movies","tag-anime-news","tag-anime-recommendations","tag-anime-reviews","tag-anime-series","tag-anime-streaming","tag-animes","tag-app-store","tag-app-store-samsung","tag-appgallery","tag-appgallery-oneplus","tag-apple","tag-apple-music","tag-apple-tv","tag-apple-watch","tag-auto-financing-guide","tag-automobile-industry-news","tag-automobile-laws-and-regulations","tag-automobile-shows-and-expos","tag-automobile-specifications","tag-automobile-technology","tag-autonomous-vehicles","tag-bbc-sport","tag-best-cars-for-long-drives","tag-best-mobile-games","tag-bixby","tag-bixby-xiaomi","tag-car-accessories","tag-car-comparison","tag-car-customization-ideas","tag-car-insurance-advice","tag-car-interior-design-ideas","tag-car-maintenance-tips","tag-car-resale-value","tag-car-reviews","tag-car-safety-features","tag-champions-league","tag-city-cars","tag-cyberpunk","tag-cyberpunk-2077","tag-driving-tips-and-tricks","tag-eco-friendly-cars","tag-electric-vehicles","tag-family-cars","tag-fantasy-football","tag-fifa","tag-football","tag-formula-1","tag-fortnite","tag-free-fire","tag-free-mobile-games","tag-freebuds-pro","tag-fuel-efficiency-tips","tag-future-of-automobiles","tag-galaxy-a52","tag-galaxy-note-20","tag-galaxy-s21","tag-galaxy-watch-4","tag-galaxy-z-fold-3","tag-game","tag-games","tag-golf","tag-harmonyos","tag-highway-cars","tag-how-to-backup-iphone","tag-how-to-factory-reset-iphone","tag-how-to-reset-iphone","tag-how-to-restore-iphone","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone-5","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone-6","tag-huawei","tag-hybrid-cars","tag-ios","tag-ipad","tag-iphone","tag-latest-car-models","tag-live-soccer","tag-lol","tag-luxury-cars","tag-macbook","tag-macos","tag-mate-40-pro","tag-mi-11-lite","tag-mi-home-security-camera-basic-1080p","tag-mi-home-security-camera-basic-1080p-huawei","tag-mi-smart-band-6","tag-minecraft","tag-miui","tag-mlb-scores","tag-mobile-game-design","tag-mobile-game-development","tag-mobile-game-marketing","tag-mobile-game-monetization","tag-mobile-games","tag-mobile-gaming","tag-nba-scores","tag-nba-standings","tag-nfl","tag-nfl-scores","tag-nhl-scores","tag-off-road-vehicles","tag-one-ui","tag-oneplus","tag-oneplus-9-pro","tag-oneplus-buds-pro","tag-oneplus-nord-ce-5g","tag-oxygenos","tag-p40-pro-plus","tag-poco-x3-pro","tag-pokemon","tag-premier-league","tag-pubg","tag-pubg-mobile","tag-redmi-note-10-pro","tag-samsung","tag-samsung-pay","tag-soccer","tag-sports","tag-sports-cars","tag-steam","tag-steeam","tag-top-10-anime","tag-valorant","tag-when-do-the-iphone-7-come-out","tag-when-does-the-iphone-7-come-out","tag-when-is-the-iphone-7-coming-out","tag-world-cup","tag-xbox-series-x","tag-xiaomi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/479"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106925"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":112471,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106925\/revisions\/112471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"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