{"id":11616,"date":"2023-08-30T03:41:26","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T02:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/fuel-for-thought-warning-signs-on-the-path-to-mass-ev-adoption.html"},"modified":"2023-08-30T03:41:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T02:41:26","slug":"fuel-for-thought-warning-signs-on-the-path-to-mass-ev-adoption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/30\/fuel-for-thought-warning-signs-on-the-path-to-mass-ev-adoption\/","title":{"rendered":"Fuel for Thought: Warning signs on the path to mass EV adoption"},"content":{"rendered":"<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><strong><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/directory.libsyn.com\/episode\/index\/id\/27891618\"  rel=\"noopener\">LISTEN TO A PODCAST ON THIS TOPIC<br \/>\nWITH S&amp;amp;P GLOBAL MOBILITY EXPERTS<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Just what you wanted: Yet another analysis<br \/>\nregarding vehicle electrification. But bear with us; this one is<br \/>\nnecessary reading. Yes, the battery-electric vehicle (BEV) market<br \/>\nis taking off, perhaps at a more rapid clip than some have<br \/>\npredicted. But that does not mean the industry is home-free in<br \/>\ntransitioning from the internal combustion era to BEVs. Even if<br \/>\nforecasted market demand crosses the chasm to mass adoption, there<br \/>\nare several major impediments to BEVs becoming the de facto<br \/>\ntransportation propulsion technology. Those who do not take heed<br \/>\nare destined to fail.<\/h4>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >For all the fervor of early adopters predicting<br \/>\nthis transport transition as revolutionary as that of horses to<br \/>\ncars, there&#39;s a certain fragility to the current BEV movement. The<br \/>\neffort and cajoling required to bring fire to life \u2014 from<br \/>\ndemand- and supply-side incentives to technology-forcing regulation<br \/>\nand legislation \u2014 is bound to be more susceptible to roadblocks<br \/>\ncompared to one evolving organically.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >The equation of reaching mass-market adoption<br \/>\nof electrified vehicles is as-yet unproven. And while certain<br \/>\nmarkets \u2014 be it mainland <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/mainland-chinese-consumers-crossing-the-chasm-to-mainstream-ev.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">China<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/firstever-major-us-metro-area-hits-50-electrified-vehicle-regi.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">San Francisco<\/a> \u2014<br \/>\nare embracing a BEV future, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/july-us-auto-inventory-trends-you-should-know.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">inventories of BEVs in<br \/>\nthe US market<\/a> are showing early signs of stacking up on<br \/>\ndealership showroom floors. As such, it is still far from a<br \/>\nrealistic mass-market proposition. While BEVs achieving price<br \/>\nparity with their internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts<br \/>\nwill unlock the keys to the door marked &#8220;mass-market,&#8221; there are<br \/>\nstill residual issues that need addressing other than achieving<br \/>\nsupply-and-demand equilibrium at mass-market volume. Numerous other<br \/>\nmovements in play must be implemented to ensure BEVs are not just a<br \/>\none-and-done phenomenon.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >If successful, however, the electrification<br \/>\ntransition will upend the industry&#39;s infrastructure, economics,<br \/>\ntechnologies and supporting services in a way that stakeholders are<br \/>\nonly just starting to address and comprehend. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/fuel-for-thought-as-the-industry-goes-electric-expect-shakeout.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Some will be left<br \/>\nholding the reins<\/a> of a disappearing business just as owners of<br \/>\nhorse-drawn carriage companies experienced over 100 years ago.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/news\/5271621\/white-paper-electrification-technology-in-reshaped-supply-chains-for-ubiquitous-evs\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The latest S&amp;amp;P<br \/>\nGlobal Mobility forecast<\/a> details the key facets of the<br \/>\nelectrification push that need careful monitoring to ensure the<br \/>\nsmoothest continuing transition for all stakeholders.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><strong>A warning about the supply<br \/>\nchain<\/strong><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >In the ICE era, the automotive sector became<br \/>\nwell-versed in dealing with supply chain risk. Now with<br \/>\nelectrification, the parameters have changed; risk is now presented<br \/>\nfurther upstream from the sector&#39;s normal realms of operation.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Previous supply chain snarl-ups and surprises<br \/>\n\u2014 such as the Xirallic pigment shortage from the Japan<br \/>\nearthquake\/tsunami in 2011, and the pandemic-triggered<br \/>\nsemiconductor crisis \u2014 will seem diminutive in comparison.<br \/>\nThese disruptions prompted increased focus on supply chain<br \/>\nvisibility, but in the electrification era, the reliance on certain<br \/>\nraw materials and parts could present its own set of challenges on<br \/>\na routine basis.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Efforts by mainland China&#39;s auto industry to<br \/>\nestablish a first-mover position throughout the BEV supply chain<br \/>\nhave been successful. The main pieces of constructing the EV<br \/>\nbattery \u2014 the cathode and anode in the traction-battery cells<br \/>\nand the pack itself \u2014 as well as significant stakes in<br \/>\ninverters, converters, controllers and charging tech have been<br \/>\nsnapped up by the mainland Chinese supplier base. Meanwhile,<br \/>\nlaggard regions are planning to use legislative levers for a<br \/>\nsemblance of control and to catch up with mainland Chinese<br \/>\ncounterparts. We expect some of the gap to mainland China to be<br \/>\nclawed back as the market expands and the diversity of battery<br \/>\nchemistries continues.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >However, those components are nothing without<br \/>\ntheir raw materials, and mainland China also holds an advantage<br \/>\n\u2014 either in accessing those elements locally or sourcing them<br \/>\nfrom other countries via an aggressive trade policy. The following<br \/>\nillustration highlights S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility&#39;s May 2023 forecast<br \/>\nfor key raw materials and their sourcing.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ihsmarkit.com\/www\/images\/0823\/dominance-of-chinese-production-chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" \/><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >In the case of battery raw materials, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/a-reckoning-for-ev-battery-raw-materials.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a supply crunch<\/a><br \/>\ncould exist within this decade. For lithium, we forecast a sixfold<br \/>\nincrease in demand between 2022 and 2030 from some 0.06 million<br \/>\nmetric tons to 0.37 million metric tons for light passenger vehicle<br \/>\napplications alone. Together with the S&amp;amp;P Global Commodity<br \/>\nInsights team, we also expect lithium markets will be in deficit by<br \/>\n2027, creating a bottleneck for automotive supply. Resolution will<br \/>\nbe slow as lithium takes on average 15.7 years to reach the market<br \/>\nafter initial discovery. Hence the recent focus on battery<br \/>\nrecycling.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Other composite elements of the cathode \u2014<br \/>\nthe most expensive part of the battery \u2014 dominate concerns<br \/>\naround raw materials. Our forecast reflects the pursuit of<br \/>\nincreased energy density through more nickel-rich chemistry,<br \/>\ncoupled with a growing desire to limit its use to applications<br \/>\nwhere the range is critical. Lithium iron phosphate-derived<br \/>\ntechnology will be selected with increasing regularity in<br \/>\nlower-cost applications.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >However, in addition to lithium and nickel,<br \/>\ncobalt is a key element in battery chemistry. Sourcing of cobalt<br \/>\n\u2014 of which 75% of the world&#39;s current supply comes from the<br \/>\ntroubled Democratic Republic of Congo \u2014 presents a snag for any<br \/>\ncompany trumpeting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/electric-vehicle-batteries-mining-esg-ceraweek.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">an ESG or sustainability<br \/>\nethos<\/a>. Companies are looking for alternate ways to source<br \/>\nelsewhere by the end of the decade \u2014 as well as to process this<br \/>\nelement, as mainland China dominates this link of the supply chain<br \/>\nas well.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >It is not only in battery raw materials that<br \/>\nmainland China has established an eminent position. It enjoys a<br \/>\nlofty position for the rare earth elements necessary for electric<br \/>\nmotors. This has recently been brought sharply into focus by<br \/>\nmainland China&#39;s announcement that it wants to control exports of<br \/>\ngallium and germanium, resulting in many outside countries quickly<br \/>\nreassessing their supply chain exposure.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Gallium is a material necessary for certain<br \/>\npower electronic components. Power electronics such as inverters,<br \/>\nDC-DC converters and onboard chargers are being reworked to<br \/>\nencompass more efficient designs using silicon carbide (SiC)-based<br \/>\nchips, promising increased semiconductor demand and the<br \/>\naccompanying supply challenges. The growth of silicon carbide-based<br \/>\ninverters is shown in the following chart.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ihsmarkit.com\/www\/images\/0823\/production-of-inverters-chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" \/><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >There are also the seemingly mundane metals,<br \/>\nsuch as copper, which is already under significant pressure, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/fuel-for-thought-navigating-a-turbulent-world-energy-climate.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">industry leaders are<br \/>\npredicting<\/a> a shortage by the end of the decade. Manganese might<br \/>\nalso be deemed abundant given its use in the steel industry, yet<br \/>\nbattery-grade quantities of the required electrolytic manganese<br \/>\ndioxide (EMD) <a href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/news\/5271128\/interview-spotlight-on-manganese\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">are in comparatively<br \/>\nshort supply<\/a>, especially in free-trade agreement countries.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Amid this shift, automakers are developing<br \/>\nin-house solutions to assert a degree of security over nascent<br \/>\nsupply chains. With such high stakes, relationships between OEMs<br \/>\nand Tier 1s are inevitably strained.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >As a consequence of the chip shortage, a richer<br \/>\nportfolio mix has allowed OEMs to achieve higher margins across<br \/>\ntheir product lines, giving headway to fund BEV transitions. For<br \/>\nTier 1s, there has been no such dividend. As BEVs are fundamentally<br \/>\nsimpler, in-house manufacture of the battery, propulsion system and<br \/>\npower electronics will result in OEMs having responsibility for a<br \/>\nmuch higher proportion of the vehicle&#39;s value \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/fuel-for-thought-as-the-industry-goes-electric-expect-shakeout.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">piling pressure on<br \/>\nsuppliers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ihsmarkit.com\/www\/images\/0823\/share-of-ice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" \/><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >There is also the manufacturing side of the<br \/>\nequation that relies on these component parts. Aside from actual<br \/>\nBEV demand, battery capacity per vehicle is a growth vector \u2014<br \/>\naverage capacity is forecast to increase from 60 kWh to 78 kWh<br \/>\n\u2014 contributing to global demand during 2023-30 increasing from<br \/>\n540 GWh to 3.4 TWh.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Given this increase, battery-cell manufacturing<br \/>\ncapacity must increase in tandem. As a result, we expect the total<br \/>\ntheoretical manufacturing capacity (for light passenger vehicles)<br \/>\nto increase from 1.35 TWh to 4.5 TWh by 2028, with the number of<br \/>\nbattery-cell manufacturing plants rising from 107 to 188 globally.<br \/>\nIf construction schedules are met, there will be sufficient<br \/>\ncapacity \u2014 indeed some underutilization will occur.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><strong>Who owns the propulsion<br \/>\ntechnology?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >OEMs traditionally are responsible for their<br \/>\nengine and, in some cases, transmission requirements. <a href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/news\/5271129\/the-battle-for-e-drive-supremacy-make-vs-buy\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">But they now face off<br \/>\nagainst Tier 1 powertrain suppliers<\/a> to bring e-axles and their<br \/>\nsubcomponents in-house. For comparatively low volume<br \/>\nfirst-generation BEVs, OEMs largely outsourced to Tier 1<br \/>\nspecialists. Now they are bringing more of the integrated,<br \/>\nthree-in-one (motor, transmission, and inverter) e-Axles to their<br \/>\nown facilities. Our latest data show over 75% of OEMs now perform<br \/>\nthe e-Axle integration activities in-house.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Regardless of who builds e-Axles, by 2025, 80%<br \/>\nof eAxle-based motors will need the aforementioned rare earth<br \/>\nelements germanium and gallium. As a result, we estimate that well<br \/>\nover 90% of the world&#39;s production-ready magnets will be mainland<br \/>\nChinese-manufactured.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Opportunities for suppliers remain in the motor<br \/>\nassembly, with 47% of motors produced in 2023 being outsourced. But<br \/>\nas volumes increase, these supply chain opportunities will evolve<br \/>\nas the motor will be broken into subcomponents like rotor and<br \/>\nstator assemblies. Already Tier 1s are taking advantage of these<br \/>\nopportunities. However, the e-Axle is a cautionary tale as to how<br \/>\nan OEM&#39;s sourcing remit can change \u2014 while trying to keep their<br \/>\nemployment numbers steady during the transition.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >A second issue for motors \u2014 garnering fewer<br \/>\nheadlines, but the subject of earlier <a href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/news\/5263643\/electrical-steel-another-temporary-supply-chain-shortage-or-a-threat-to-oems-electrification-plans\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility<br \/>\nresearch<\/a> \u2014 is the lack of thin-gauge electrical steel<br \/>\ncapacity required for assembly. Concerns persist, with more<br \/>\ninvestment in electrical steel capacity needed to meet burgeoning<br \/>\ndemand.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><strong>There aren&#39;t enough<br \/>\nchargers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Once the vehicles are built, then comes the<br \/>\n&#8220;refueling&#8221; equation. The BEV paradigm opens the opportunity to<br \/>\nrecharge the vehicle in a multitude of domains aside from<br \/>\nconventional public refueling infrastructure familiar to gasoline<br \/>\nservice stations. However, for now, public charging options are<br \/>\nconstrained by not just <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/ev-chargers-how-many-do-we-need.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the quantity of chargers<br \/>\navailable<\/a> but also the reliability of the stations, the<br \/>\ndelivery speed of electrical power, and the battery&#39;s ability to<br \/>\nreceive it.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >There also is the relative first-world nature<br \/>\nof BEV charging, as developing nations may not have the<br \/>\ninfrastructure grid to support a mass charging network. Therefore,<br \/>\nmuch of the underdeveloped world will likely remain an<br \/>\ninternal-combustion haven for the foreseeable future.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >However, for those countries with a stable,<br \/>\noperational grid, how fast does power need to be delivered into the<br \/>\nvehicles to satisfy customers? The 179 million chargeable vehicles<br \/>\nforecast to operate by 2030 (143.5 million BEVs and 35.5 million<br \/>\nplug-in hybrid electric vehicles) will have varying<br \/>\nrequirements.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Grids cannot support fast charging everywhere<br \/>\nall the time. In S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility&#39;s 2022 E-Mobility Consumer<br \/>\nsurvey, the vast majority of global respondents contended that a<br \/>\ncharge time of between 10 minutes and two hours for a full charge<br \/>\n(considered to be 80% by typical industry standards) would be<br \/>\nacceptable. But nearly two-thirds wanted it to be performed in less<br \/>\nthan an hour.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ihsmarkit.com\/www\/images\/0823\/global-participant-responses.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" \/><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >BEV charging needs are situation-specific, with<br \/>\nusers needing the right speed of power delivery depending on their<br \/>\ndwell time and journey profile. While BEV adopters to date<br \/>\npredominantly charge at home, this will not be a workable solution<br \/>\nfor all.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Furthermore, for BEV charging providers,<br \/>\ndelivering a fast charge may not always serve their best interests.<br \/>\nA burgeoning ecosystem is developing around the &#8220;30-minute retail<br \/>\neconomy&#8221; concept, which sees the opportunity to supply profitable<br \/>\nservices to users while they wait for public BEV charging. Such a<br \/>\nretail ecosystem will provide charge point operators with a reason<br \/>\nto scale, and help advances in charging technology if retail<br \/>\nprofits are reinvested.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >With the evolution of EVs, charging technology<br \/>\nwill improve as higher-voltage architectures are adopted, bringing<br \/>\nfaster receipt of power. They will be enabled by the adoption of<br \/>\nsuperior power semiconductor technology. Our data shows the volume<br \/>\nof silicon carbide-based inverters will increase sixfold between<br \/>\n2023 and 2030 on their way to becoming the dominant inverter type<br \/>\nby 2034.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >A summary analysis of our latest forecast<br \/>\nprojections can be found in our <a href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/shop\/product\/5003405\/electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-forecast\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EV Charging<br \/>\nInfrastructure Report &amp;amp; Forecast.<\/a><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><strong>Optimal range versus thermal<br \/>\nmanagement<\/strong><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Within the context of assessing charging<br \/>\ninfrastructure needs, the BEV&#39;s range dictates how often it needs<br \/>\nto be charged and, potentially, where it will be charged. Critical<br \/>\nhere is a battery capacity of sufficient size to support range<br \/>\nrequirements. Less understood is the significant role of thermal<br \/>\nmanagement in getting a manufacturer&#39;s quoted all-electric range to<br \/>\nreflect the &#8220;real world&#8221; range.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >For BEVs on the market in 2023, the average<br \/>\nall-electric range quoted is some 6.3 kilometers per kWh of battery<br \/>\ncapacity. S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility research estimates that some 28%<br \/>\nof the range is lost using air conditioning throughout the drive<br \/>\ncycle. As shown, this can be reduced to 15% using heat pump<br \/>\ntechnology. Other than how the vehicle is driven, thermal<br \/>\nmanagement is the biggest parasitic loss for a BEV, save for an<br \/>\nexceptional use case such as towing.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Heat pump technologies, integrated thermal<br \/>\nmodules (ITMs) and optimized battery preconditioning will also<br \/>\nbring efficiency savings. While coolant-cooled battery solutions<br \/>\nwill become commonplace, niche enhancements in battery cooling<br \/>\ntechnology, such as immersion cooling, will support in the<br \/>\nshort-term. As depicted below, thermal management of the BEV is a<br \/>\ngrowth opportunity for suppliers with the monetary value<br \/>\ncontribution of thermal management to an electric vehicle<br \/>\nincreasing 83% compared with an ICE equivalent.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >Currently, the thermal management system is a<br \/>\nmarket of few players but presents a major opportunity. Continued<br \/>\nconsolidation in this domain through M&amp;amp;A to help suppliers<br \/>\nbuild scale and countervailing the OEMs&#39; power can be expected.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><strong>EVs for all? And profits for<br \/>\nall?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >This confluence of the above technological and<br \/>\nlogistical challenges triggers the need for BEVs to be available to<br \/>\nas broad a customer base as the incumbent ICE technology. They must<br \/>\nappeal for their key advantages and not be constrained by existing<br \/>\nhindrances.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >To ensure this, the cost of BEV technology must<br \/>\ndecline, and margins be sufficient for both OEMs and suppliers to<br \/>\nthrive in a complex geopolitical environment. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/fuel-for-thought-as-the-industry-goes-electric-expect-shakeout.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recent research using<br \/>\nS&amp;amp;P Global Ratings data<\/a> showed that EBIT margins for OEMs<br \/>\nare now consistently surpassing those of their suppliers \u2014<br \/>\nbucking historical trends. While multiple factors contribute, OEMs<br \/>\nare squeezing suppliers to ensure sustainable profitability for<br \/>\ntheir fledgling BEV businesses. Meanwhile, legacy OEMs and<br \/>\nsuppliers must manage the transition from ICE to BEV to ensure a<br \/>\nstable glide path and not overextend.<\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" >The evolution of battery, charging, propulsion,<br \/>\nand thermal management technology will be crucial for the<br \/>\nubiquitous adoption of BEVs. While scale inevitably helps,<br \/>\ntechnological development is still required to make mass-market<br \/>\nBEVs a product evolution inevitability rather than a<br \/>\nsubsidy-induced and government-mandated novelty.<\/p>\n<p >\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p ><strong>Dive deeper into these mobility insights:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/news\/5271621\/white-paper-electrification-technology-in-reshaped-supply-chains-for-ubiquitous-evs\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Electrification technology<br \/>\nin reshaped supply chains for ubiquitous EVs<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/fuel-for-thought-as-the-industry-goes-electric-expect-shakeout.html\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>As the industry goes<br \/>\nelectric, expect a shakeout among internal combustion<br \/>\nsuppliers<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/topic\/electric-vehicle-trends.html\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Learn more about electric<br \/>\nvehicle trends from our latest insights and<br \/>\nsolutions<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/electric-vehicle-batteries-mining-esg-ceraweek.html\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The challenge of sourcing<br \/>\nEV battery minerals in an ESG world<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/Info\/0722\/top-10-industry-trends-report.html\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Now Available: Top 10<br \/>\nIndustry Trends Report<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p xml:lang=\"EN-US\" ><a class=\"primary-button\" href=\"https:\/\/autotechinsight.ihsmarkit.com\/news\/5271129\/the-battle-for-e-drive-supremacy-make-vs-buy\"  rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The battle for e-drive<br \/>\nsupremacy: Make vs. Buy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Commercials Cooperation Advertisements:<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><br>(1) IT Teacher IT Freelance<br> <\/p>\r\n<a href=https:\/\/itteacheritfreelance.hk\/wordpress><img src=http:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ITTeacherITFreelance-Website.png alt=IT\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2 java\u88dc\u7fd2 \u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u914d\u5c0d\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2,IT freelance, \u79c1\u4eba\u8001\u5e2b, PHP\u88dc\u7fd2,CSS\u88dc\u7fd2,XML,Java\u88dc\u7fd2,MySQL\u88dc\u7fd2,graphic design\u88dc\u7fd2,\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78ICT\u88dc\u7fd2,\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u79c1\u4eba\u88dc\u7fd2\u548cFreelance\u81ea\u7531\u5de5\u4f5c\u914d\u5c0d\u3002\/><\/a><p><a href=https:\/\/itteacheritfreelance.hk\/wordpress\/index.php\/findteacher>\u7acb\u523b\u8a3b\u518a\u53ca\u5831\u540d\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5427! 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But bear with us; this one is<br \/>\nnecessary reading. Yes, the battery-electric vehicle (BEV) market<br \/>\nis t&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":494,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[3267],"tags":[61,122,127,129,124,128,125,132,131,133,126,130,123,66,94,88,97,56,64,65,60,3344,3351,3357,3360,3335,3340,3362,112,3353,40,75,95,3350,3352,3356,3343,3359,3339,3345,3334,3341,104,3354,33,120,3358,3349,3337,3348,105,101,98,115,30,29,41,86,3342,3361,70,69,68,72,71,26,118,108,87,3355,46,55,48,52,54,51,50,83,3338,62,58,57,3336,109,35,3346,59,63,85,79,82,96,80,27,81,114,44,42,43,45,38,39,110,117,100,111,116,3300,73,89,90,92,91,93,84,78,37,102,34,36,77,67,74,99,113,3347,119,28,121,32,47,49,53,103,31,76],"class_list":["post-11616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-car-or-automobile","tag-airpods","tag-anime","tag-anime-characters","tag-anime-cosplay","tag-anime-edits","tag-anime-merchandise","tag-anime-movies","tag-anime-news","tag-anime-recommendations","tag-anime-reviews","tag-anime-series","tag-anime-streaming","tag-animes","tag-app-store","tag-app-store-samsung","tag-appgallery","tag-appgallery-oneplus","tag-apple","tag-apple-music","tag-apple-tv","tag-apple-watch","tag-auto-financing-guide","tag-automobile-industry-news","tag-automobile-laws-and-regulations","tag-automobile-shows-and-expos","tag-automobile-specifications","tag-automobile-technology","tag-autonomous-vehicles","tag-bbc-sport","tag-best-cars-for-long-drives","tag-best-mobile-games","tag-bixby","tag-bixby-xiaomi","tag-car-accessories","tag-car-comparison","tag-car-customization-ideas","tag-car-insurance-advice","tag-car-interior-design-ideas","tag-car-maintenance-tips","tag-car-resale-value","tag-car-reviews","tag-car-safety-features","tag-champions-league","tag-city-cars","tag-cyberpunk","tag-cyberpunk-2077","tag-driving-tips-and-tricks","tag-eco-friendly-cars","tag-electric-vehicles","tag-family-cars","tag-fantasy-football","tag-fifa","tag-football","tag-formula-1","tag-fortnite","tag-free-fire","tag-free-mobile-games","tag-freebuds-pro","tag-fuel-efficiency-tips","tag-future-of-automobiles","tag-galaxy-a52","tag-galaxy-note-20","tag-galaxy-s21","tag-galaxy-watch-4","tag-galaxy-z-fold-3","tag-game","tag-games","tag-golf","tag-harmonyos","tag-highway-cars","tag-how-to-backup-iphone","tag-how-to-factory-reset-iphone","tag-how-to-reset-iphone","tag-how-to-restore-iphone","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone-5","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone-6","tag-huawei","tag-hybrid-cars","tag-ios","tag-ipad","tag-iphone","tag-latest-car-models","tag-live-soccer","tag-lol","tag-luxury-cars","tag-macbook","tag-macos","tag-mate-40-pro","tag-mi-11-lite","tag-mi-home-security-camera-basic-1080p","tag-mi-home-security-camera-basic-1080p-huawei","tag-mi-smart-band-6","tag-minecraft","tag-miui","tag-mlb-scores","tag-mobile-game-design","tag-mobile-game-development","tag-mobile-game-marketing","tag-mobile-game-monetization","tag-mobile-games","tag-mobile-gaming","tag-nba-scores","tag-nba-standings","tag-nfl","tag-nfl-scores","tag-nhl-scores","tag-off-road-vehicles","tag-one-ui","tag-oneplus","tag-oneplus-9-pro","tag-oneplus-buds-pro","tag-oneplus-nord-ce-5g","tag-oxygenos","tag-p40-pro-plus","tag-poco-x3-pro","tag-pokemon","tag-premier-league","tag-pubg","tag-pubg-mobile","tag-redmi-note-10-pro","tag-samsung","tag-samsung-pay","tag-soccer","tag-sports","tag-sports-cars","tag-steam","tag-steeam","tag-top-10-anime","tag-valorant","tag-when-do-the-iphone-7-come-out","tag-when-does-the-iphone-7-come-out","tag-when-is-the-iphone-7-coming-out","tag-world-cup","tag-xbox-series-x","tag-xiaomi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/494"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11616"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11617,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11616\/revisions\/11617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https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