{"id":119135,"date":"2024-04-29T13:33:19","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T12:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/the-push-for-evs-in-india-is-changing-the-dynamics-of-battery.html"},"modified":"2024-04-29T13:33:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T12:33:19","slug":"the-push-for-evs-in-india-is-changing-the-dynamics-of-battery-production-and-sourcing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/29\/the-push-for-evs-in-india-is-changing-the-dynamics-of-battery-production-and-sourcing\/","title":{"rendered":"The Push for EVs in India Is Changing the Dynamics of Battery Production and Sourcing"},"content":{"rendered":"

Striking a deft balance between domestic production and
\ninternational partnerships is crucial to a robust EV battery supply
\nchain.<\/strong><\/p>\n

At the COP26 conference, in a bold commitment to environmental
\nsustainability, India's Prime Minister Narenda Modi pledged to
\nachieve net zero emissions by 2070. As the world's third largest
\nemitter of CO2, India is banking on electrification of the
\ntransportation sector, and the shift towards electric vehicles
\n(EVs), to achieve this goal. This transition significantly
\nincreases India's need for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which
\npower EVs.<\/p>\n

S&amp;P Global Mobility's AutoTechInsight forecasts demand for
\nlithium-ion batteries in India to surge from 4 gigawatt hours in
\n2023 to nearly 139 gigawatt hours (GWh) by 2035. A major share of
\nthis demand is projected to come from the economically vital light
\nvehicle segment – the workhorses of Indian commutes and commerce.
\nThe exponential growth in EV adoption will have implications for
\nthe sourcing and production of battery components by OEMs,
\nsuppliers and manufacturers in India.<\/p>\n

\nBattery cell demand is driven mostly by B and A segment passenger
\nvehicles, which are characterized by their compact build and
\naffordability. In particular, smaller B segment SUVs like the Tata
\nNexon are increasingly popular with Indian drivers. These vehicles
\nhave a higher ground clearance and a wider wheelbase, providing
\nbetter control and protection over uneven terrain like potholed or
\ngravelly roads.<\/p>\n

Thanks to their strong EV portfolio, Tata Motors remains the top
\nbattery cell consumer in India. By comparison, Maruti Suzuki, the
\ncountry's largest carmaker, has a relatively small share of the EV
\nmarket. But with the automaker aiming to launch their first EV, the
\neVX in 2025, Maruti Suzuki is expected to drive 20% of battery cell
\ndemand in India by 2035, just behind Tata Motor at 22%.<\/p>\n

While India continues to develop its production and technology,
\nthe EV supply chain remains fragmented. Manufacturing EV batteries
\ninvolves installing individual cells into modules and arranging
\nsaid modules into packs capable of delivering the power needed to
\noperate a vehicle. These three distinct phases – cell, module, and
\npack – represent key opportunities for India to localize EV and
\nbattery production.<\/p>\n

As local battery cell manufacturing capabilities are still
\nnascent, India has historically relied on importing cells from
\nGreater China, South Korea and Japan. This will likely change as
\nIndia aims to become more self-sufficient to satisfy demand.
\nS&amp;P Global Mobility predicts that by 2030, 13% of total cell
\ndemand will be sourced domestically, with the rest still outsourced
\nfrom other countries. Notwithstanding this forecast, original
\nequipment manufacturers (OEMs) in India are investing heavily into
\nlocal cell manufacturing facilities.<\/p>\n

This is further spurred by the Indian government's proactive
\nstance on electrification. Policies such as the Production-Linked
\nIncentive (PLI) scheme for advanced chemistry cell (ACC) battery
\nstorage and the Faster Adoption of Manufacturing Electric Vehicles
\n(FAME) scheme have encouraged investments and strategic
\npartnerships.<\/p>\n

In 2024, Ola Electric started mass production of the NMV21700
\ncylindrical cell battery at its Chennai-based Gigafactory for its
\ntwo-wheelers. Major industry OEMs like Rajesh Exports, Amara Raja,
\nReliance, and Adani also plan to build lithium-ion battery cell
\nfactories and ramp up domestic production capacities.<\/p>\n

Concurrently, OEMs and cell manufacturers in India are forming
\njoint ventures (JV) with international cell makers, module makers
\nand pack suppliers. Key alliances include Suzuki's JV with Toshiba
\nand Denso in 2017 to construct a cell manufacturing plant in
\nGujarat. The facility started as an assembly plant for modules and
\npacks and is set to begin manufacturing cells in 2024 and 2025.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nOverall, the increase in JVs and value chain integration reflects
\nthe broader industry move towards securing supply chains and
\nfostering sustainability and efficiency. Outsourcing is expected to
\ndecrease markedly, from 76% in 2022 to less than 52% by 2035.<\/p>\n

Growing demand for cell production has also cast a spotlight on
\nbattery chemistry trends in India. Not all li-ion batteries are
\ncreated the same. The choice of cathode material influences
\nperformance, cost and environmental impact, making it a crucial
\nfactor for manufacturers and policymakers. Currently, LFP (Lithium
\nIron Phosphate) and LMFP (Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate)
\nchemistries dominate in lower vehicle segments due to their thermal
\nstability and cost effectiveness, attributes that are critical in
\nprice-sensitive markets like India.<\/p>\n

By 2030, high nickel NCM (Nickel Cobalt Manganese) is expected
\nto capture greater market share in higher vehicle segments owing to
\nits higher energy density, making it suitable for longer range
\ntravel. Mid Nickel NCM and NCMA (Nickel Cobalt Manganese Aluminum)
\nare also gaining traction, particularly in the mid-range vehicle
\nsegments.<\/p>\n

Cathode and anode active materials (CAM\/AAM) used in the
\nconstruction of lithium ion batteries are crucial components that
\ndetermine performance and energy storage capabilities. Strategic
\nacquisitions and investments from India OEMs and manufacturers not
\nonly help to expand production capacity but can also improve
\ndomestic technological capabilities.<\/p>\n

For instance, Himadri's investment in Sydney-based start-up,
\nSicona Battery Technologies, which specializes in high capacity
\nsilicon anode technology, is poised to revolutionize battery
\ncapacities and charging speeds. Likewise, India's first CAM
\nsupplier Altmin is ramping up its production of LFP cathode
\nmaterials, which will be essential to powering a wide range of
\nelectric vehicles.<\/p>\n

With the automotive industry exploring cost-effective
\nalternatives to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion technology has
\nemerged as a promising candidate. Albeit with a lower energy
\ndensity, sodium-ion batteries are low cost, abundant in supply, and
\nsafer, making them suitable for two and three-wheelers with smaller
\nbattery packs. Commercialization of sodium-ion technology, which is
\nstill maturing, may not be fully underway till 2030, but companies
\nlike Reliance New Energy Solar – which acquired UK-based sodium-ion
\ntechnology company Faradion – are gearing up to lead in this
\nnascent market.<\/p>\n

The ethical sourcing of battery minerals is becoming a paramount
\nconcern as the industry scales. Narratives around lithium, nickel,
\nand cobalt are increasingly scrutinized under the lens of ESG
\nprinciples, forcing suppliers and corporations to balance cost
\nefficiency with ethical responsibility. While an estimated 5.9
\nmillion tons of lithium reserves in Jammu and Kashmir offers
\npotential to localize mineral supply, it also highlights
\ncomplexities of extraction and their environmental impact in these
\nmountainous regions. Like with cell manufacturing, it will take
\nstrategic partnerships with Bolivia, Argentina, Indonesia,
\nAustralia and other nations to procure the necessary Lithium,
\nNickel and Cobalt supplies.<\/p>\n

As the industry continues to evolve, the integration of advanced
\ntechnologies and strategic partnerships will be key to sustaining
\ngrowth and achieving the electrification goals set forth by the
\ngovernment. This holistic approach will ensure a future where India
\nis both a consumer and a crucial contributor to the global shift
\ntowards sustainable automotive solutions.<\/p>\n

This article is part of a series featuring
\nhighlights from S&amp;P Global Mobility's 2024 Solutions Webinar
\nSeries. The Indian EV Battery Outlook webinar occurred on April 2,
\n2024.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Register
\nfor upcoming webinar sessions<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

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Striking a deft balance between domestic production and
\ninternational partnerships is crucial to a robust EV battery supply
\nchain.At the COP26 conference, in a bold commitment to environmental
\nsustainability, India's Prime Minister Narenda Modi 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