{"id":158466,"date":"2025-01-21T07:51:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T07:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/research-analysis\/trumps-first-day-auto-industry-news.html"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:51:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T07:51:22","slug":"trumps-first-day-new-insights-for-the-auto-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/21\/trumps-first-day-new-insights-for-the-auto-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump&#8217;s First Day: New Insights for the Auto Industry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p ><em>The S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility AutoIntelligence service<br \/>\nprovides daily analysis of global automotive news and events. We<br \/>\ndeliver timely context and impactful analysis for navigating the<br \/>\nfast-moving industry. Behind the Headlines offers a bi-weekly dive<br \/>\ninto recent top stories.<\/em><\/p>\n<p >On Jan 20, 2025, President Donald Trump took office and began<br \/>\nhis second term. While more change is expected to come, and at a<br \/>\nrapid clip, President Trump&#39;s inaugural speech and first executive<br \/>\norders affecting the US and North American auto industry do not<br \/>\nvary widely from our earlier expectations. At a broad level, these<br \/>\nissues will directly affect the US auto industry:<\/p>\n<ul >\n<li>The perception of an existential threat from mainland Chinese<br \/>\nautomakers and technology companies;<\/li>\n<li>Positions on environmental policy, particularly as relates to<br \/>\nvehicle emissions, infrastructure spending and safety<br \/>\nregulations;<\/li>\n<li>Trade policy as it relates to both USMCA and potential for<br \/>\nnational security tariffs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p >President Trump has announced the priorities for his agenda,<br \/>\nwith most elements echoing issues defined on the campaign trail.<br \/>\nSpecifically, the America First Priorities, as the Trump<br \/>\nAdministration calls a series of policy changes, will directly<br \/>\nimpact the auto industry.<\/p>\n<p >However, it should be noted that much of the detail is still<br \/>\noutstanding and uncertain. S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility still advises<br \/>\nthat a scenario mindset remains critical for decision-making.<br \/>\nDecisions need to consider business and market demand issues in the<br \/>\ncontext of upper and lower bounds derived from plausible scenarios,<br \/>\nalong with a baseline forecast.<\/p>\n<h2 >America First Priorities<\/h2>\n<p >President Trump&#39;s America First priorities are batched into four<br \/>\nareas:<\/p>\n<ul >\n<li>Make America Safe Again<\/li>\n<li>Make America Affordable and Energy Dominant Again<\/li>\n<li>Drain the Swamp, a reference to moving toward a leaner<br \/>\ngovernment with less waste<\/li>\n<li>Bring Back American Values<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p >Many of the initiatives do not directly affect the automotive<br \/>\nindustry, though a handful certainly do. The Make America Safe<br \/>\nAgain priorities affect immigration and law-enforcement issues.<br \/>\nUnder Make America Affordable and Energy Dominant Again are the<br \/>\nTrump Administration policies most likely to affect the auto<br \/>\nindustry.<\/p>\n<p >In this area, the President aims to reverse previous President<br \/>\nJoe Biden&#39;s efforts to control or reduce drilling for oil as well<br \/>\nas other efforts affecting energy production. Among the priorities<br \/>\nare that &#8220;President Trump&#39;s energy actions empower consumer choice<br \/>\nin vehicles, showerheads, toilets, washing machines, lightbulbs and<br \/>\ndishwashers.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p >That policy point supports easing vehicle emissions and fuel<br \/>\neconomy regulations. Though largely aimed at drilling and other<br \/>\nenergy issues, under this section a key priority is to end &#8220;Biden&#39;s<br \/>\npolicies of climate extremism.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p >While stated in the context of regulations around energy<br \/>\nproduction and use, it will also affect policies impacting the auto<br \/>\nindustry. The incoming President has already issued the executive<br \/>\norder to withdraw the US from the Paris Climate Accord. Withdrawing<br \/>\nfrom the Paris Climate Accord will change what environmental<br \/>\ntargets the US sets for itself and will end its participation in a<br \/>\ntreaty which looks to reduce global warming.<\/p>\n<p >Issues under the Make America Affordable category which will<br \/>\nhave an impact on the US auto industry, among other industries,<br \/>\ninclude an &#8220;America First Trade Policy.&#8221; The White House says<br \/>\n&#8220;America will no longer be beholden to foreign organizations for<br \/>\nnational tax policy, which punishes American business.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p >During his inauguration speech, President Trump said he will<br \/>\ncreate an External Revenue Service &#8220;to collect all tariffs, duties<br \/>\nand revenues. It will be massive amounts of money pouring into our<br \/>\nTreasury coming from foreign sources.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p >At time of writing, the logistics and details of the new trade<br \/>\npolicies are not clear, but tariffs will be part of the process. As<br \/>\nwe have noted previously, those will increase the cost of goods and<br \/>\nof manufacturing within the US and will impact global sourcing<br \/>\nstrategies.<\/p>\n<p >Under the &#8220;Drain the Swamp&#8221; priorities, President Trump aims to<br \/>\nreform and improve government bureaucracy and promises to &#8220;pause<br \/>\nburdensome and radical regulation not yet in effect that Biden<br \/>\nannounced.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p >President Trump also signed an executive order freezing all<br \/>\nlegislation not yet published in the Federal Register, pending his<br \/>\nadministration&#39;s review, fulfilling the promise in the speech to<br \/>\nblock items which the Biden Administration was pursuing. Further,<br \/>\nreducing regulations and bureaucracy could impact the agencies<br \/>\nwhich oversee regulations the US auto industry works under.<\/p>\n<h2 >S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility expectations<\/h2>\n<p >Many of the assumptions we held prior to President Trump taking<br \/>\noffice hold were evidenced in the inauguration speech and executive<br \/>\norders signed on January 20, 2025. A dominant trait of the new<br \/>\nWhite House Administration will be speed, and pressure to rethink<br \/>\nhow things are done to make sure change happens faster.<\/p>\n<p >The Administration will challenge old norms and assumptions.<br \/>\nUnder President Trump&#39;s first term, he pushed for legislative and<br \/>\nexecutive order changes to happen more quickly and made decisions<br \/>\nmore quickly than most previous presidents. That trait will be<br \/>\naccentuated with the second term.<\/p>\n<p >Executive branch agencies will be pushed to speed processes and<br \/>\nreach conclusions faster, to be more efficient and reduce<br \/>\nbureaucracy. For the auto industry, the Environmental Protection<br \/>\nAgency (EPA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration<br \/>\n(NHTSA) may develop rule-making proposals much more quickly.<\/p>\n<p >There are some legally defined provisions for getting public<br \/>\nfeedback which may not be able to be shortened, but the agencies<br \/>\ncan be pushed to develop analysis and proposals faster. And it<br \/>\nshould not be presumed that it is impossible to change some of the<br \/>\nprocedural requirements.<\/p>\n<h2 >Federal emissions and fuel economy regulations<\/h2>\n<p >Though the speed of change demanded by this Administration may<br \/>\nchallenge current procedural requirements for some developing and<br \/>\nimplementing laws and processes, there are also required review<br \/>\nperiods which may not change. As we noted in earlier reports, we do<br \/>\nnot expect that the rule that emissions and fuel economy<br \/>\nrequirements must be finalized 18 months prior to the model year<br \/>\nstart will change.<\/p>\n<p >As of January 2025, NHTSA corporate average fuel economy<br \/>\nstandards could be frozen at 2027 model-year levels, rather than a<br \/>\nchange being issued to lower 2028 model year regulations. We would<br \/>\nexpect the EPA to adjust emission standards for 2027 model year to<br \/>\na lower level, mirroring NHTSA guidelines.<\/p>\n<p >Current EPA greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and NHTSA fuel<br \/>\neconomy regulations for light vehicles run through 2032; these are<br \/>\nseparate sets of regulations. These regulations are not aligned,<br \/>\nmaking it difficult for automakers to meet both standards. If the<br \/>\ngap between the GHG and NHTSA standards were closed, then the<br \/>\nfederal regulations would not align with California.<\/p>\n<p >For the medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicle sector (MHCV),<br \/>\nthe EPA has mandated GHG emission standards (Phase 3) starting in<br \/>\n2027 model year, going through 2032 model year. MHCVs are not<br \/>\nsubject to fuel economy regulations under NHTSA.<\/p>\n<p >S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility&#39;s latest assumptions are that automakers<br \/>\nwill not physically be able to comply with the later years of the<br \/>\nfederal regulations as written today. Change is necessary to<br \/>\nrealistically align regulations with what is technologically<br \/>\nfeasible, with what consumer demand is for electrification<br \/>\ntechnology, and with what is profitable at a price point consumers<br \/>\nare willing to pay, and to accomplish those factors within the<br \/>\ndefined timeframe.<\/p>\n<p >As President Trump has taken office, the shape of his<br \/>\nadministration&#39;s changes is not yet known. Other potential outcomes<br \/>\ninclude seeing regulations for 2028 through 2032 model years are<br \/>\nlowered instead of seeing the 2027 model year regulations frozen.<br \/>\nIn that case, regulations for post-2032 model year would be less<br \/>\nonerous both because of the administration&#39;s view and because the<br \/>\n2033 model year would be starting from a less difficult base than<br \/>\nif the current regulations were held.<\/p>\n<p >We also see potential for the MCHV GHG Phase 3 regulations to be<br \/>\nredrafted; that process could take 24 to 36 months, which would<br \/>\neffectively eliminate the 2027 implementation of GHG Phase 3 while<br \/>\nnew rules are drafted, with current GHG Phase 2 rules staying in<br \/>\nplace.<\/p>\n<h2 >Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law<br \/>\nfunding future<\/h2>\n<p >The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has been codified since 2022<br \/>\nand requires Congressional action to substantively change. The IRA<br \/>\nincludes both consumer-level incentives as well as manufacturing<br \/>\nincentives designed to ensure a more robust North American supply<br \/>\nchain. The IRA also has significant funding available for<br \/>\npurchasing, installing, operating and maintaining Class 6-7 ZEV<br \/>\ntrucks as well as funding for purchasing or installing ZEV port<br \/>\nequipment or technology, including ZEV trucks themselves.<\/p>\n<p >The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law is a much broader act;<br \/>\nrelative to the auto industry and electric vehicle adoption, the<br \/>\nPresident has signaled intent to eliminate funding for electric<br \/>\ncharging infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p >As the Republican party has control of both chambers, making<br \/>\nchanges could happen more easily. These laws do require<br \/>\nCongressional action to change. However, reducing manufacturing<br \/>\nfunding is likely to reduce investment. Approximately 84% of the<br \/>\njobs supported by IRA funding (about 135,000) are in Republican<br \/>\nstates.<\/p>\n<p >S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility estimates those direct jobs have a<br \/>\nmultiplier effect of 5 to 10 jobs for each of the direct jobs. As a<br \/>\nresult, Republican Senators and representatives of Congress from<br \/>\ndistricts where this investment is being made may philosophically<br \/>\nagree with reducing funding, yet also have a responsibility to<br \/>\ntheir constituents to support the local economy. Their support for<br \/>\nreducing funding cannot be assumed.<\/p>\n<p >Against this backdrop, we have focused our assumptions. We<br \/>\nexpect the retail consumer lease credit for EVs available under the<br \/>\nIRA will be eliminated. The critical raw materials and local<br \/>\ncomponents manufacturing credits are likely to be maintained, to<br \/>\nhelp reduce the use of foreign raw materials and components. Given<br \/>\nthe impact on Republican states of manufacturing investment, we<br \/>\nexpect the advanced vehicle manufacturing credits available under<br \/>\nthe IRA will be maintained.<\/p>\n<h2 >California: Waiver expected to be revoked within first 100<br \/>\ndays<\/h2>\n<p >The 1967 Clean Air Act allows California Air Resources Board a<br \/>\nwaiver to set their own GHG emissions standards, and Section 177<br \/>\nallows for other states to choose to adopt California&#39;s standards<br \/>\nor the US federal standards. California&#39;s Advanced Clean Cars I<br \/>\nprogram saw its waiver revoked during President Trump&#39;s first<br \/>\npresidency and reinstated under President Biden.<\/p>\n<p >However, the Advanced Clean Cars II program, which goes to 2035<br \/>\nand requires 100% zero-emissions light vehicle sales, has not been<br \/>\ngranted an EPA waiver. The first ACC is still more aggressive than<br \/>\nfederal standards, and this waiver is expected to be revoked. Under<br \/>\nPresident Trump, there is nearly no potential for the ACC II<br \/>\nprogram to be granted a waiver.<\/p>\n<p >Another wrinkle in the California situation is that several<br \/>\nautomakers signed a Framework Agreement in which they agreed to<br \/>\nfollow California&#39;s ACC I standards. That contract remains<br \/>\nenforceable, to our understanding. Among the automakers who have<br \/>\nsigned are BMW, Ford, Honda, Volkswagen and Stellantis.<\/p>\n<p >Simultaneously, legal challenges to ending the California<br \/>\nexemption are being prepared. Ultimately, when the waiver is<br \/>\nrevoked, legal challenges will be filed. These legal challenges may<br \/>\nneed to be resolved by the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p >California&#39;s waiver has a massive impact. As we noted earlier,<br \/>\nthe EPA and NHTSA regulations are not aligned. If they are revised<br \/>\nand aligned as expected, and frozen at 2027 model year, the<br \/>\nemissions requirements would be out of alignment with California<br \/>\nunder ACC I or ACC II.<\/p>\n<p >California&#39;s Advanced Clean Car Act II mandates 100% light-duty<br \/>\nZEV by 2035. Given that we do not expect industry to be capable of<br \/>\nmeeting the federal regulations at this time, the more aggressive<br \/>\nCalifornia standards may need to be delayed by the state of<br \/>\nCalifornia as well. Revoking the waiver could close the matter.<\/p>\n<h2 >Global tariffs and the 2026 USMCA Review<\/h2>\n<p >On day one, the President did not issue new tariffs, though is<br \/>\ndirecting federal agencies to evaluate US trade relations with<br \/>\nChina, Canada and Mexico. The fallout from tariffs is expected to<br \/>\nprove damaging to US economic activity.<\/p>\n<p >The December 2024 S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility light-vehicle<br \/>\nforecasts assume the implementation of a 10% universal tariff along<br \/>\nwith a 30% tariff on imports from mainland China. This would give<br \/>\nrise to a period of elevated inflation, to which the Federal<br \/>\nReserve is forecast to respond by pausing its easing cycle in<br \/>\nmid-2025. However, this is one of the most fluid elements of the<br \/>\nadministration&#39;s policies and forecasts will be adjusted as more<br \/>\ninformation is available.<\/p>\n<p >The President floated possibility for imposing the 25% tariff<br \/>\nmentioned during the campaign as soon as Feb 1, 2025. The president<br \/>\nwas quoted as saying, relative to Canada and Mexico, &#8220;We are<br \/>\nthinking in terms of 25% on Mexico and Canada, because they are<br \/>\nallowing vast numbers of people&#8221; into the US and said that it could<br \/>\nbe imposed on February 1. The agencies are being directed to<br \/>\ninvestigate and remedy persistent trade deficits and address unfair<br \/>\ntrade currency policies by other nations, according to a Wall<br \/>\nStreet Journal report.<\/p>\n<p >The USMCA free trade agreement between the US, Mexico and Canada<br \/>\nincludes a required review scheduled for July 2026. President<br \/>\nTrump&#39;s comments on Day One echo that the potential 25% tariff on<br \/>\nCanada and Mexico are intended as a measure to pressure both<br \/>\ncountries to better deal with illegal immigration to the US.<\/p>\n<p >While President Trump&#39;s Jan 20, 2025, comments suggest this<br \/>\ntariff could happen sooner, our thinking has been that we will see<br \/>\nno changes until the 2026 renegotiation of the USMCA. While we have<br \/>\nexpected that those threatened tariffs would not occur prior to the<br \/>\nreview, the Jan 20 comments reflect the potential fast pace of<br \/>\nactivity expected from this President, and our assumptions may need<br \/>\nto be reviewed.<\/p>\n<p >In addition, a tariff against the US neighbors and long-standing<br \/>\ntrading partners might be a nuanced tool rather than a<br \/>\nsledgehammer, with specific industries targeted and exemptions for<br \/>\nothers. At this time, we do not know the details on what this<br \/>\ntariff will look like, however. A tariff on Mexico and Canada could<br \/>\nrevise our expectations for a 10% universal tariff as well.<\/p>\n<p >Relative to trade and tariffs outside of USMCA, S&amp;amp;P Global<br \/>\nMobility has put in place an assumption that there will be a 10%<br \/>\nincrease on all imports from Europe, Japan and any other country<br \/>\nthan mainland China or Canada and Mexico with the December 2024<br \/>\nforecast. We also expect a 30% tariff on imports from mainland<br \/>\nChina. We see these tariffs starting from the second quarter and<br \/>\nramping up over the subsequent four quarters. We do expect other<br \/>\ncountries to respond with retaliatory tariffs, though have not<br \/>\nprovided specifics how those will develop.<\/p>\n<p >One of Biden&#39;s last acts was to implement a rule banning the<br \/>\nsale of vehicles in the US which have software and or hardware<br \/>\nrelated to vehicle connectivity and levels of autonomous vehicle<br \/>\ndriving systems; that ban effectively halts the sale of any vehicle<br \/>\nproduced in mainland China, by any automaker. This ban does not<br \/>\ntake effect until 2027 model year for software and 2030 model year<br \/>\nfor hardware, yet still has significant impact.<\/p>\n<p >The rule also bans these technologies if developed in China or<br \/>\nRussia regardless of where they are produced, which effectively<br \/>\nbans mainland China brands from building in Mexico and shipping to<br \/>\nthe US under USMCA. At time of writing, it is uncertain what the<br \/>\nTrump Administration&#39;s reaction will be. On its face, the ban does<br \/>\nsupport the America first and national security issues which Trump<br \/>\nhas said are a priority for his administration.<\/p>\n<h2 >President Donald Trump is in office: Assumptions affecting<br \/>\ntotal industry volume (TIV)<\/h2>\n<p >S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility continues to update the forecast against<br \/>\nthese changing conditions. As of January 2025, we see that these<br \/>\nseries of changes could result in the EV share of US light-vehicle<br \/>\nsales reaching about 25% in 2030, which is lower than the 30% we<br \/>\nhad forecast with our December 2024 forecast.<\/p>\n<p >The relaxed NHTSA corporate average fuel economy targets are<br \/>\nexpected to result in increased demand for internal combustion<br \/>\nengine products, as well as potential for production planning to<br \/>\nadjust on country of origin, resulting from tariffs. We expect that<br \/>\nthe consumer interest in ICE products will be boosted by relative<br \/>\nlower prices, while automakers will extend lifecycles with changes<br \/>\nto regulations.<\/p>\n<p >Along with the increased demand for ICE products, we expect EV<br \/>\ndemand will be impacted by the reduction in government incentives<br \/>\nto consumers. Demand for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)<br \/>\nis likely to decline as well, depending on the final form of IRA<br \/>\nincentives and automaker production plans. Hybrid electric vehicles<br \/>\n(HEVs) will see increased share, depending on gas prices and the<br \/>\nchanges to regulatory policy.<\/p>\n<p >As previously noted, we do expect tariffs to have an adverse<br \/>\nimpact on our future total industry volume (TIV) assumptions.<br \/>\nWhether the tariffs are protective or punitive, or a mix, these<br \/>\nwill have an adverse effect on TIV. They will increase costs to<br \/>\ncustomers, perhaps partially offsetting the vehicle affordability<br \/>\ngains that a lower EV mix may enable. We also expect that tariffs<br \/>\nwill increase labor rates. Tariffs will increase US or North<br \/>\nAmerican sourcing, which comes along with higher labor rates.<\/p>\n<p >Another key issue for our TIV assumptions, and another wildcard,<br \/>\ninvolves how the situation around immigration resolves. President<br \/>\nTrump signed executive orders affecting handling of immigrants and<br \/>\nimmigration processes on day one. These stricter immigration<br \/>\ncontrols and potential for mass deportations can work as a<br \/>\ndisadvantage to TIV. Fewer immigrants reduces the pool of customers<br \/>\nand buying power of consumers in the US.<\/p>\n<h2 >A path forward becomes more clear<\/h2>\n<p >While consumer uncertainty and resistance to change relative to<br \/>\nfull electrification remains, activity under President Trump, as<br \/>\nexpected, paint a clear expectation for US policy direction in the<br \/>\nimmediate term. In our earlier reporting, we noted that automakers<br \/>\nand suppliers have been delaying near- and long-term product<br \/>\nplanning decisions. As policy details continue to come into focus,<br \/>\neven if details are outstanding, we will begin to see decisions<br \/>\nbeing made. We fully expect automakers are ready to act, and many<br \/>\nhave a clear idea of where they will move their propulsion system<br \/>\ndesign mix.<\/p>\n<p ><strong>For more analysis and support:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul >\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/forms\/contactinformation.html?fid=250878&amp;amp;subDivision=\/mobility\/en\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Get a free trial of<br \/>\nAutoIntelligence Daily<\/a>, our daily news service for<br \/>\ncomprehensive industry news.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/Info\/1024\/election-outcomes-automotive-scenario-planning-workshop.html\"><br \/>\nSpeak with our consulting representatives<\/a> for company-specific<br \/>\nimpact analysis.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/mobility\/en\/Info\/1016\/auto-techinsight-subscribe.html\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Subscribe to<br \/>\nAutoTechInsight<\/a>, our platform that offers detailed analysis on<br \/>\nsupply chain and technology industry developments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2><b>Commercials Cooperation Advertisements:<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><br>(1) IT Teacher IT Freelance<br> <\/p>\r\n<a href=https:\/\/itteacheritfreelance.hk\/wordpress><img src=http:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ITTeacherITFreelance-Website.png alt=IT\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2 java\u88dc\u7fd2 \u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u914d\u5c0d\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2,IT freelance, \u79c1\u4eba\u8001\u5e2b, PHP\u88dc\u7fd2,CSS\u88dc\u7fd2,XML,Java\u88dc\u7fd2,MySQL\u88dc\u7fd2,graphic design\u88dc\u7fd2,\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78ICT\u88dc\u7fd2,\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u79c1\u4eba\u88dc\u7fd2\u548cFreelance\u81ea\u7531\u5de5\u4f5c\u914d\u5c0d\u3002\/><\/a><p><a href=https:\/\/itteacheritfreelance.hk\/wordpress\/index.php\/findteacher>\u7acb\u523b\u8a3b\u518a\u53ca\u5831\u540d\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5427! <\/a><br>\r\n\r\n\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a -\u6559\u80b2 -IT \u96fb\u8166\u73ed\u201d ( IT\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2 ) \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a \u6559\u80b2\u5e73\u53f0, \u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u914d\u5c0d\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f, \u96fb\u8166 \u8001\u5e2b, IT freelance \u548c programming expert. \u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9069\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2, \u96fb\u8166\u73ed, \u5bb6\u6559, \u79c1\u4eba\u8001\u5e2b.  <br>\r\n\r\nWe are a education and information platform which you can find a IT private tutorial teacher or freelance. <br>\r\n\r\nAlso we provide different information about information technology, Computer, programming, mobile, Android, apple, game, movie, anime, animation\u2026 \r\n<\/p>\n<p><br>(2) ITSec<br> <\/p><a href=https:\/\/itsec.vip><img src=http:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ITSec-Main-Promotion-Image.png alt= https:\/\/itsec.vip\/\r\nSecure Your Computers from Cyber Threats and mitigate risks with professional services to defend Hackers.  \r\nITSec provide IT Security and Compliance Services, including IT Compliance Services, Risk Assessment, IT Audit, Security Assessment and Audit, ISO 27001 Consulting and Certification, GDPR Compliance Services, Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA), Penetration test, Ethical Hacking, Vulnerabilities scan, IT Consulting, Data Privacy Consulting, Data Protection Services, Information Security Consulting, Cyber Security Consulting, Network Security Audit, Security Awareness Training.\/><\/a> \r\n<br><br> \r\n<p><a href=https:\/\/itsec.vip>www.ITSec.vip<\/a> <br> <br> \r\n<p><a href=https:\/\/sraa.com.hk>www.Sraa.com.hk<\/a> <br> <br> \r\n<p><a href=https:\/\/itsec.hk>www.ITSec.hk<\/a> <br> <br> \r\n<p><a href=https:\/\/penetrationtest.hk>www.Penetrationtest.hk<\/a> <br> <br> \r\n<p><a href=https:\/\/itseceu.uk>www.ITSeceu.uk<\/a> <br> <br> \r\nSecure Your Computers from Cyber Threats and mitigate risks with professional services to defend Hackers. <br><br>\r\nITSec provide IT Security and Compliance Services, including IT Compliance Services, Risk Assessment, IT Audit, Security Assessment and Audit, ISO 27001 Consulting and Certification, GDPR Compliance Services, Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA), Penetration test, Ethical Hacking, Vulnerabilities scan, IT Consulting, Data Privacy Consulting, Data Protection Services, Information Security Consulting, Cyber Security Consulting, Network Security Audit, Security Awareness Training. \r\n<br><br>Contact us right away. <br><br>Email (Prefer using email to contact us): <br>SalesExecutive@ITSec.vip<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The S&amp;amp;P Global Mobility AutoIntelligence service<br \/>\nprovides daily analysis of global automotive news and events. We<br \/>\ndeliver timely context and impactful analysis for navigating the<br \/>\nfast-moving industry. Behind the Headlines offers a bi-weekly 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