{"id":17569,"date":"2023-10-07T08:34:56","date_gmt":"2023-10-07T07:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.baeldung.com\/spring-spy-vs-spybean"},"modified":"2023-10-07T08:34:56","modified_gmt":"2023-10-07T07:34:56","slug":"difference-between-spy-and-spybean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/07\/difference-between-spy-and-spybean\/","title":{"rendered":"Difference Between @Spy and @SpyBean"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. Introduction<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n

In this tutorial, we aim to address the difference between @Spy<\/em> and @SpyBean<\/em>, explaining their functionalities and providing guidance on when to employ each one.<\/p>\n

2. Basic Application<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n

For this article, we’ll use a simple order application that includes an order service to create orders and that calls a notification service to notify when processing an order.<\/p>\n

OrderService<\/em> has a save()<\/em> method that takes in an Order<\/em> object, saves it using OrderRepository,<\/em> and invokes the NotificationService<\/em>:<\/p>\n

@Service\r\npublic class OrderService {\r\n    public final OrderRepository orderRepository;\r\n    public final NotificationService notificationService;\r\n    public OrderService(OrderRepository orderRepository, NotificationService notificationService) {\r\n        this.orderRepository = orderRepository;\r\n        this.notificationService = notificationService;\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    public Order save(Order order) {\r\n        order = orderRepository.save(order);\r\n        notificationService.notify(order);\r\n        if(!notificationService.raiseAlert(order)){\r\n           throw new RuntimeException("Alert not raised");\r\n        }\r\n        return order;\r\n    }\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
For simplicity, let’s assume that the notify()<\/em> method logs the order. In reality, it can involve more complex actions, such as sending emails or messages to downstream applications via a queue.<\/p>\n
Let’s also assume that every order created must receive an alert by calling an ExternalAlertService<\/em>, which returns true if the alert is successful, and the OrderService<\/em> will fail if it doesn’t raise the alert:<\/p>\n
@Component\r\npublic class NotificationService {\r\n    private ExternalAlertService externalAlertService;\r\n    \r\n    public void notify(Order order){\r\n        System.out.println(order);\r\n    }\r\n    public boolean raiseAlert(Order order){\r\n        return externalAlertService.alert(order);\r\n    }\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
The save()<\/em> method in OrderRepository<\/em> saves the order <\/em>object in memory using a HashMap<\/em>:<\/p>\n
public Order save(Order order) {\r\n    UUID orderId = UUID.randomUUID();\r\n    order.setId(orderId);\r\n    orders.put(UUID.randomUUID(), order);\r\n    return order;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. @Spy<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0@SpyBean<\/em>\u00a0Annotations in Action<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
Now that we have a basic application in place, let’s see how to test different aspects of it with @Spy<\/em> and @SpyBean<\/em> annotations.<\/p>\n
3.1. Mockito’s @Spy<\/em> Annotation<\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
The @Spy<\/em><\/a> annotation, part of the Mockito testing framework, creates a spy (partial mock) of a real object and is commonly used for Unit Testing.<\/strong><\/p>\n
A spy allows us to track and optionally stub or verify specific methods of a real object while still executing the real implementation for other methods.<\/p>\n
Let’s understand this by writing a unit test for the OrderService<\/em>\u00a0and annotating the NotificationService<\/em> with @Spy<\/em>:<\/p>\n
@Spy\r\nOrderRepository orderRepository;\r\n@Spy\r\nNotificationService notificationService;\r\n@InjectMocks\r\nOrderService orderService;\r\n@Test\r\nvoid givenNotificationServiceIsUsingSpy_whenOrderServiceIsCalled_thenNotificationServiceSpyShouldBeInvoked() {\r\n    UUID orderId = UUID.randomUUID();\r\n    Order orderInput = new Order(orderId, "Test", 1.0, "17 St Andrews Croft, Leeds ,LS17 7TP");\r\n    doReturn(orderInput).when(orderRepository)\r\n        .save(any());\r\n    doReturn(true).when(notificationService)\r\n        .raiseAlert(any(Order.class));\r\n    Order order = orderService.save(orderInput);\r\n    Assertions.assertNotNull(order);\r\n    Assertions.assertEquals(orderId, order.getId());\r\n    verify(notificationService).notify(any(Order.class));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
In this case, the NotificationService<\/em> acts as a spy object and invokes the real notify()<\/em> method when no mock is defined<\/strong>. Furthermore, because we define a mock for the raiseAlert()<\/em> method, the NotificationService<\/em> behaves as a partial mock<\/p>\n
3.2. Spring Boot’s @SpyBean<\/em> Annotation<\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
On the other hand, the @SpyBean<\/em> annotation is specific to Spring Boot and is used for integration testing with Spring’s dependency injection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
It allows us to create a spy (partial mock) of a Spring bean while still using the actual bean definition from our application context.<\/p>\n
Let’s add an integration test using @SpyBean<\/em> for NotificationService<\/em>:<\/p>\n
@Autowired\r\nOrderRepository orderRepository;\r\n@SpyBean\r\nNotificationService notificationService;\r\n@SpyBean\r\nOrderService orderService;\r\n@Test\r\nvoid givenNotificationServiceIsUsingSpyBean_whenOrderServiceIsCalled_thenNotificationServiceSpyBeanShouldBeInvoked() {\r\n    Order orderInput = new Order(null, "Test", 1.0, "17 St Andrews Croft, Leeds ,LS17 7TP");\r\n    doReturn(true).when(notificationService)\r\n        .raiseAlert(any(Order.class));\r\n    Order order = orderService.save(orderInput);\r\n    Assertions.assertNotNull(order);\r\n    Assertions.assertNotNull(order.getId());\r\n    verify(notificationService).notify(any(Order.class));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
In this case, the Spring application context manages the NotificationService<\/em> and injects it into the OrderService<\/em>. Invoking\u00a0notify()<\/em>\u00a0within NotificationService<\/em> triggers the execution of the real method, and invoking raiseAlert()\u00a0<\/em>triggers the execution of the mock<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
4. Differences Between @Spy<\/em> and @SpyBean<\/em><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
Let’s understand the difference between @Spy<\/em> and @SpyBean\u00a0<\/em>in detail.<\/p>\n
In unit testing, we utilize @Spy<\/em>, whereas in integration testing, we employ @SpyBean<\/em>.<\/p>\n
If the @Spy<\/em> annotated component contains other dependencies, we can declare them during initialization. If they’re not provided during initialization, the system will use a zero-argument constructor if available. In the case of the @SpyBean<\/em> test, we must use the @Autowired<\/em> annotation to inject the dependent component. Otherwise, during runtime, Spring Boot creates a new instance.<\/p>\n
If we use\u00a0@SpyBean<\/em> in the unit test example, the test will fail with a NullPointerException<\/em><\/a><\/strong>\u00a0when\u00a0<\/span>NotificationService<\/span><\/em>\u00a0gets invoked because OrderService<\/em> expects a mock\/spy\u00a0<\/span>NotificationService<\/span><\/em>.<\/p>\n
Likewise, if @Spy<\/em> is used in the example of the integration test, the test will fail<\/strong> with the error message ‘Wanted but not invoked: notificationService.notify(<any com.baeldung.spytest.Order><\/em>),’ because the Spring application context is not aware of the\u00a0@Spy<\/em> annotated class<\/strong>. Instead, it creates a new instance of NotificationService<\/em> and injects it into OrderService.<\/em><\/p>\n
5. Conclusion<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
In this article, we explored @Spy<\/em> and @SpyBean<\/em> annotations and when to use them.<\/p>\n
As always, the source code for the examples is available\u00a0over on GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
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\"\"<\/p>\n
Learn the difference between @Spy and @SpyBean in Spring.<\/p>\n
<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":869,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[61,122,127,129,124,128,125,132,131,133,126,130,123,66,94,88,97,56,64,65,60,112,40,75,95,104,33,120,105,101,98,115,30,29,41,86,70,69,68,72,71,26,118,108,87,46,55,48,52,54,51,50,83,62,58,57,109,35,59,63,85,79,82,96,80,27,81,114,44,42,43,45,38,39,110,117,100,111,116,73,89,90,92,91,93,84,78,37,102,34,36,77,67,74,99,113,7988,119,28,121,32,47,49,53,103,31,76],"class_list":["post-17569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mobile","tag-airpods","tag-anime","tag-anime-characters","tag-anime-cosplay","tag-anime-edits","tag-anime-merchandise","tag-anime-movies","tag-anime-news","tag-anime-recommendations","tag-anime-reviews","tag-anime-series","tag-anime-streaming","tag-animes","tag-app-store","tag-app-store-samsung","tag-appgallery","tag-appgallery-oneplus","tag-apple","tag-apple-music","tag-apple-tv","tag-apple-watch","tag-bbc-sport","tag-best-mobile-games","tag-bixby","tag-bixby-xiaomi","tag-champions-league","tag-cyberpunk","tag-cyberpunk-2077","tag-fantasy-football","tag-fifa","tag-football","tag-formula-1","tag-fortnite","tag-free-fire","tag-free-mobile-games","tag-freebuds-pro","tag-galaxy-a52","tag-galaxy-note-20","tag-galaxy-s21","tag-galaxy-watch-4","tag-galaxy-z-fold-3","tag-game","tag-games","tag-golf","tag-harmonyos","tag-how-to-backup-iphone","tag-how-to-factory-reset-iphone","tag-how-to-reset-iphone","tag-how-to-restore-iphone","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone-5","tag-how-to-unlock-iphone-6","tag-huawei","tag-ios","tag-ipad","tag-iphone","tag-live-soccer","tag-lol","tag-macbook","tag-macos","tag-mate-40-pro","tag-mi-11-lite","tag-mi-home-security-camera-basic-1080p","tag-mi-home-security-camera-basic-1080p-huawei","tag-mi-smart-band-6","tag-minecraft","tag-miui","tag-mlb-scores","tag-mobile-game-design","tag-mobile-game-development","tag-mobile-game-marketing","tag-mobile-game-monetization","tag-mobile-games","tag-mobile-gaming","tag-nba-scores","tag-nba-standings","tag-nfl","tag-nfl-scores","tag-nhl-scores","tag-one-ui","tag-oneplus","tag-oneplus-9-pro","tag-oneplus-buds-pro","tag-oneplus-nord-ce-5g","tag-oxygenos","tag-p40-pro-plus","tag-poco-x3-pro","tag-pokemon","tag-premier-league","tag-pubg","tag-pubg-mobile","tag-redmi-note-10-pro","tag-samsung","tag-samsung-pay","tag-soccer","tag-sports","tag-spring-annotations","tag-steam","tag-steeam","tag-top-10-anime","tag-valorant","tag-when-do-the-iphone-7-come-out","tag-when-does-the-iphone-7-come-out","tag-when-is-the-iphone-7-coming-out","tag-world-cup","tag-xbox-series-x","tag-xiaomi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/869"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17569"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17572,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17569\/revisions\/17572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gamefootballmobileanimeiphone.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}