![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.baeldung.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Java-4-Featured-1024x536.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
In this tutorial, we’ll see how to wrap a sentence automatically after a given number of characters. Hence, our program will return a transformed String<\/em> with new line breaks.<\/p>\n Let’s consider the following sentence: Baeldung is a popular website that provides in-depth tutorials and articles on various programming and software development topics, primarily focused on Java and related technologies<\/em>.<\/p>\n We want to insert<\/strong> line returns every n<\/em> characters maximum<\/strong>, n<\/em> representing the number of characters. Let’s see the code to do this:<\/p>\n Let’s take n=20<\/em> and understand our example code:<\/p>\n We stop the algorithm when the remaining sentence has less than 20<\/em> characters. We naturally implement this algorithm via a for<\/em> loop<\/a>. Besides, we used a StringBuilder<\/em><\/a> internally for convenience, and parameterized our inputs:<\/p>\n We can write a unit test<\/a> to confirm that our method returns the expected result for our example:<\/p>\n For now, we’ve written a very naive code. In a real-life use case, we might need to take into account some edge cases. Within this article, we’ll address two of them.<\/p>\n First, what if a word is too large and is impossible to wrap? For simplicity, let’s throw an IllegalArgumentException<\/a><\/em> in this case.<\/strong> At every iteration of our loop, we need to check that there’s indeed a whitespace before the given length:<\/p>\n This time again, we can write a simple JUnit<\/a> test for validation:<\/p>\n Another edge case is when the input String<\/em> already has line return characters inside. For the moment, if we add a line return after the word Baeldung<\/em> in our sentence, it will be wrapped identically. However, it sounds more intuitive to start wrapping after the existing line returns.<\/strong><\/p>\n For this reason, we’ll search for the last line return at every iteration of our algorithm; if it exists, we move the cursor and skip the wrapping part:<\/p>\n Again, we can test our code on our example:<\/p>\n We can use Apache WordUtils wrap()<\/em> method to implement the required behavior.<\/strong>\u00a0First, let’s add the latest Apache commons-text<\/a><\/em> dependency:<\/p>\n The main difference with our code is that wrap()<\/em> uses the platform-independent System<\/em>‘s line separator<\/a> by default:<\/p>\n By default, wrap()<\/em> accepts long words but doesn’t wrap them:<\/p>\n Last but not least, our other edge case is ignored by this library:<\/p>\n To conclude, we can have a look at the overloaded signature of the method:<\/p>\n We notice the additional parameters:<\/p>\n In this article, we saw an algorithm to wrap a String<\/em> after a given number of characters. We implemented it and added the support for a couple of edge cases.<\/p>\n Lastly, we realized that Apache WordUtils’ wrap()<\/em> method is highly configurable and should suffice in most cases. However, if we can’t use the external dependency or need specific behaviours, we can use our own implementation.<\/p>\n As always, the code is available over on GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u7acb\u523b\u8a3b\u518a\u53ca\u5831\u540d\u96fb\u8166\u88dc\u7fd2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5427! <\/a> www.ITSec.vip<\/a> www.Sraa.com.hk<\/a> www.ITSec.hk<\/a> www.Penetrationtest.hk<\/a> www.ITSeceu.uk<\/a> Learn to wrap a sentence automatically after a given number of characters.<\/p>\n2. General Algorithm<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\nString wrapStringCharacterWise(String input, int n) { \r\n StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(input);\r\n int index = 0;\r\n while(stringBuilder.length() > index + n) {\r\n index = stringBuilder.lastIndexOf(" ", index + n); \r\n stringBuilder.replace(index, index + 1, "\\n");\r\n index++; \r\n }\r\n return stringBuilder.toString();\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n
@Test\r\nvoid givenStringWithMoreThanNCharacters_whenWrapStringCharacterWise_thenCorrectlyWrapped() {\r\n String input = "Baeldung is a popular website that provides in-depth tutorials and articles on various programming and software development topics, primarily focused on Java and related technologies.";\r\n assertEquals("Baeldung is a\\npopular website that\\nprovides in-depth\\ntutorials and\\narticles on various\\nprogramming and\\nsoftware development\\ntopics, primarily\\nfocused on Java and\\nrelated\\ntechnologies.", wrapper.wrapStringCharacterWise(input, 20));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3. Edge Cases<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n3.1. Words Longer Than the Character Limit<\/h3>\n
<\/div>\nString wrapStringCharacterWise(String input, int n) { \r\n StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(input);\r\n int index = 0;\r\n while(stringBuilder.length() > index + n) {\r\n index = stringBuilder.lastIndexOf(" ", index + n);\r\n if (index == -1) {\r\n throw new IllegalArgumentException("impossible to slice " + stringBuilder.substring(0, n));\r\n } \r\n stringBuilder.replace(index, index + 1, "\\n");\r\n index++; \r\n }\r\n return stringBuilder.toString();\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n@Test\r\nvoid givenStringWithATooLongWord_whenWrapStringCharacterWise_thenThrows() {\r\n String input = "The word straightforward has more than 10 characters";\r\n assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> wrapper.wrapStringCharacterWise(input, 10));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.2. Original Input With Line Returns<\/h3>\n
<\/div>\nString wrapStringCharacterWise(String input, int n) { \r\n StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(input);\r\n int index = 0;\r\n while(stringBuilder.length() > index + n) {\r\n int lastLineReturn = stringBuilder.lastIndexOf("\\n", index + n);\r\n if (lastLineReturn > index) {\r\n index = lastLineReturn;\r\n } else {\r\n index = stringBuilder.lastIndexOf(" ", index + n);\r\n if (index == -1) {\r\n throw new IllegalArgumentException("impossible to slice " + stringBuilder.substring(0, n));\r\n } \r\n stringBuilder.replace(index, index + 1, "\\n");\r\n index++;\r\n } \r\n }\r\n return stringBuilder.toString();\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n@Test\r\nvoid givenStringWithLineReturns_whenWrapStringCharacterWise_thenWrappedAccordingly() {\r\n String input = "Baeldung\\nis a popular website that provides in-depth tutorials and articles on various programming and software development topics, primarily focused on Java and related technologies.";\r\n assertEquals("Baeldung\\nis a popular\\nwebsite that\\nprovides in-depth\\ntutorials and\\narticles on various\\nprogramming and\\nsoftware development\\ntopics, primarily\\nfocused on Java and\\nrelated\\ntechnologies.", wrapper.wrapStringCharacterWise(input, 20));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n4. Apache WordUtils wrap()<\/em> Method<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n<dependency>\r\n <groupId>org.apache.commons<\/groupId>\r\n <artifactId>commons-text<\/artifactId>\r\n <version>1.10.0<\/version>\r\n<\/dependency><\/code><\/pre>\n@Test\r\nvoid givenStringWithMoreThanNCharacters_whenWrap_thenCorrectlyWrapped() {\r\n String input = "Baeldung is a popular website that provides in-depth tutorials and articles on various programming and software development topics, primarily focused on Java and related technologies.";\r\n assertEquals("Baeldung is a" + System.lineSeparator() + "popular website that" + System.lineSeparator() + "provides in-depth" + System.lineSeparator() + "tutorials and" + System.lineSeparator() + "articles on various" + System.lineSeparator() + "programming and" + System.lineSeparator() + "software development" + System.lineSeparator() + "topics, primarily" + System.lineSeparator() + "focused on Java and" + System.lineSeparator() + "related" + System.lineSeparator() + "technologies.", WordUtils.wrap(input, 20));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n@Test\r\nvoid givenStringWithATooLongWord_whenWrap_thenLongWordIsNotWrapped() {\r\n String input = "The word straightforward has more than 10 characters";\r\n assertEquals("The word" + System.lineSeparator() + "straightforward" + System.lineSeparator() + "has more" + System.lineSeparator() + "than 10" + System.lineSeparator() + "characters", WordUtils.wrap(input, 10));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n@Test\r\nvoid givenStringWithLineReturns_whenWrap_thenWrappedLikeThereWasNone() {\r\n String input = "Baeldung" + System.lineSeparator() + "is a popular website that provides in-depth tutorials and articles on various programming and software development topics, primarily focused on Java and related technologies.";\r\n assertEquals("Baeldung" + System.lineSeparator() + "is a" + System.lineSeparator() + "popular website that" + System.lineSeparator() + "provides in-depth" + System.lineSeparator() + "tutorials and" + System.lineSeparator() + "articles on various" + System.lineSeparator() + "programming and" + System.lineSeparator() + "software development" + System.lineSeparator() + "topics, primarily" + System.lineSeparator() + "focused on Java and" + System.lineSeparator() + "related" + System.lineSeparator() + "technologies.", WordUtils.wrap(input, 20));\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\nstatic String wrap(final String str, int wrapLength, String newLineStr, final boolean wrapLongWords, String wrapOn)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n
5. Conclusion<\/h2>\n
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